Wyrtig

OE wyrtig, adj: Garden-like, full of plants;
On anum wyrtige hamme, Homl. Skt. ii. 30:312.

  

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Wyrtig - In early sources
Calendula officinalis

In Early Sources...

Calendula
Calendula officinalis


The calendula has been used over the centuries for a variety of medicinal purposes. Its leaves and flowers were used as a mild stimulant, to prevent or treat fever, for skin diseases, to cause sweating, and to ease muscle cra
mps. Just looking at the flower helped heal eye disorders.


The Romans called the first day of a month the calendae. Calendula flowered so abundantly in Roman gardens that it seemed to be in bloom on the
calendae of every month, thus meriting the name calendula.

Medieval Names

Many of calendula's other names in the old herbals are poetic in themselves.  As the sponsa solis, calendula is the spouse of the sun, and solaris herba means the sun's herb. With the advent of Christianity, calendula was associated with another divine spouse, the Virgin Mary, and came to be called Mary's golde, marigold.  Another of its names, vertamnus, is the name of a shapeshifting Etruscan and then Roman god of gardens and orchards, seasons, change, and plant growth.

Calendula plantsThe ruddy gold color of the flowers is recalled in such names as rodelwort, ruddos, rodes, rodewort, ruddis, and, simply, golde

Calendula flowers open in sunshine, and so it was also called sun (sigel, sol) follower or turner (hweorf) -- in Old English, sensigle, solsecle, solwherf, sigilhweorfa; in Latin, solsequium, heliotrope or eliatrope. Ymbglide, glide together, may also refer to this trait.

Ælfric

Solsequium solsæce, solsece
Eliotropiae sigilhwerue
Solsequium solsæce, solsece

Capitulare de Villis

Solsequiam

Herbarium Apuleii

Sigelwearfa
Sigilhweorfa
Be þe grecas heliotrophus 7 romane uertamnum
  nemnaþ 7 eac angle sigelhweorfa hataþ
Æ
liotrophus ƀ is sigelhweorfa
Eliotropus ƀ is sigilhweorfa
Solsequia
Man solate 7 oþrum naman solosece nemneþ
Solata ƀ is solosece
Solsequia

 Lacnunga

Sigelhweorfa
Solsequium

Leechbook

Sigelhweorfan, sigelhweorfa
Sigelhweorfan þa smalan unwæscene
Calendula in medieval works

That sight upon that semly,

to bliss he is broght;

He is solsecle:

To sauve is forsought.
 

                   "Annot and Iohon,"
                     Harley 2253

 

One who seemly sees this,

    to bliss he is brought;

 She is calendula, 

    for salvation sought..

                      "Annot and Iohon,"
                       Harley 2253

_______________________

 

Heo is lilie of largesse,

Heo is parwenke of prowesse,

Heo is solsecle of swetnesse,

    and lady of lealte.

                          "Blou northerne wynd,"
                           Harley 2253

She is the lily of generosity,

She is the periwinkle of prowess,

She is the solsequium of sweetness,

     and the lady of loyalty.

                       "Blow, Northern Wind"
                        Harley 225
3

_______________________

 

LI. Eliotropia, sive Solissequa

Sponte mea nascor fecundo 

  cespite vernans

Fulgida de croceo flavescunt

  culmina flore

Occiduo claudor, sic orto

  sole patesco

Unde prudentes posuerunt 

  nomina Graeci

                           Aldhelm,
                           Enigmata LI

 

LI. Heliotrope, or solsequium

Spontaneously my fertile land

  brings forth spring

Shining flowers turn the summit

  saffron gold

Lesser settings fade, plants

  alone reveal

Why your Greek name is wisely given.

                              Aldhelm,
                              Riddle
LI

_______________________

 

Þe golde flour is good to sene,

it makyÞ Þe syht bryt and clene;

wyscely to lokyn on his flowres,

draweÞ owt of Þe heed

Þe wikked hirores.

                         Macer, De Viribus
                        Herbarum

The calendula flower is good to see,

it makes the sight bright and clear;

wisely to look on its flowers

draws out of the head

the wicked humours.

                      Macer, On the Strengths
                      of Herbs

_______________________

 

Rodewort... Þis flour hauyÞ a gret vertue, for what day Þou seist it, in Þat day shal nat Þe feuere take Þe, Þe whiche is clepid febris acuta. ...Who Þat hauyÞ Þis feuere on him, Þis si3t wole nat helpe him, but he shal take to him a lef an half lef of Þis herbe and soke hem in wyne and Þan drynke Þat wyn and Þe leues also.

                                                        Macer

Calendula ...This flower has great virtue, for on the day you see it, in that day the fever that is called febris acuta shall not affect you... Whoever has this fever already, the sight of calendula will not help him, but he shall take to him one and one-half leaves of this herb and soak them in wine, and then drink that wine and the leaves also.

                                       Macer

_______________________

 

Gif mon mið treowe geslegen sie oððe mid stane oððe byle on men gebersted . to Þon dolh sealf . gytÞrife . ontre . geloðwyrt . sigelhweorfa . gecnuwa Þa wyrta swiÞe gemeng wel wið buteran y on Þa ilcan wisan gerena the ic aer cweÞ.

                                              Leechbook,
                                              I.xxxviii.vii

If one be wounded by wood or by stone or if a boil bursts in one * for this wound a salve * corn cockle * silverweed * potentilla * calendula * pound the worts smooth  mix well with butter as I said above.

                                   Leechbook,
                                    I.xxxviii.vii

_______________________

 

Sealf wiÞ cancre . genim cu meoluc butan wætere læt weorÞan to fletum geÞwer to buteran ne wærc on wætre. Nim sigelhweorfan Þa smalan unwærcene  do cleane cnuca smooth gemeng wel wið Þære buteran do on Þannan ofer fyr awyl swiðe aseoh wel Þurh clað lacna mid Þy.

                                            Leechbook,
                                            I.xliv.ii

A salve for cancer * take cow's milk without water  churn it to cream  to make butter   do not wash in water.   Take the small calendula unwashed    make it clean   pound it thoroughly   mix it well with the butter in a pan over the fire seethe it smooth   strain well through a cloth  cure therewith.

                                  Leechbook, 
                                 
I.xliv.ii

_______________________

 

Please note: Many plants have been used in past and present times for medicinal purposes, and as one of the focuses of Wyrtig is the history of gardening, these uses are discussed here. However, common sense requires that you consult your family physician or other health care provider before using any plant materials for medicinal purposes. The old saying that "A doctor who treats him- (or her-) self has a fool for a patient" is no less true in herbal medicine than in any other branch of the healing sciences. Herbal remedies should not be used by the uninformed; medical advice should be sought before using any herbal remedy.

 

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