OE wyrtig, adj: Garden-like, full of plants;
On anum wyrtige hamme, Homl. Skt. ii. 30:312.
Early gardens
Gardener's glossary
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Gardinum - Latin, kitchen garden
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Herbarium - Latin, originally a small garden containing flowers and herbs; later usually a physic garden of medicinal herbs. By 1300s, the term was more specific to an ornamental garden that was often laid with green turf and planted with an eye to being viewed from above, from the second story of a home. By the 1400s, had evolved into the knot garden.
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Herber - Latin, a square or oblong garden, often enclosed by walls, hedges, or wattled or trellised fences. It was intersected by paths, often had a pool or fountain in the center, and a border of flowers. Cultivated flowers included, among others, the rose, lily, iris, and peony. Trellises or wattle fences were covered with honeysuckle (woodbine), roses, or grape vines.
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Horticulture differs from agriculture in scale, in product, and to some extent in purpose. Agriculture typically involves larger fields, is focused primarily on the production of utilitarian goods (food, shelter, heat), and involves both livestock and plants. Horticulture, a subcategory of agriculture, is smaller in scale (gardens rather than fields), involves only plants, and produces both utilitarian (foods, medicinals, dyestuffs, etc.) and ornamental products.
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Hortus, ortus - Latin, a generic word for gardens of all kinds
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Middle Ages (historical periods)
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Ortolanus, gardinarius - Latin, a gardener
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Pergola - Vine arbors arching over and shading paths
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Pleasance - Middle English, a larger, landscaped park or garden
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Pomerium - Latin, utilitarian orchard (orchard is derived from wort yard, "plant yard")
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Stem cuttings (propagation)
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Virectum, virgultum, viridarium - Latin, a pleasure garden or, frequently, an orchard planted for the beauty of blossom and the comfort of shade, rather than for its produce of fruit or nuts
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